Saint John Chrysostom, Archbishop of Constantinople

Short life

John was born in Antioch around 347 into the family of a military commander. After his father died soon after his birth, he was raised by his mother Anthusa. He received an excellent education, but devoted himself above all to Scripture and prayer. Saint Meletius of Antioch baptized him in 367. John later became a Reader, deacon, and in 386 a presbyter. He spent a period in ascetic seclusion, yet returned to Antioch because of poor health.

Life and ministry

For about twelve years in Antioch, John preached frequently, explaining Holy Scripture and applying it to the Christian life. The power and clarity of his preaching gave him the name Chrysostom, meaning “Golden-Mouthed.” He also served those in need: the Church of Antioch supported many widows, virgins, sick people, and travelers each day. In 397 he was chosen Archbishop of Constantinople. There he directed resources assigned to the archbishop toward hospices and shelters, worked for the spiritual renewal of clergy, and defended the Church’s unity. His public rebukes of injustice at the imperial court led to exile. He died in 407 at Comana while being taken to a further place of exile.

Why he is venerated

The Church venerates John Chrysostom as a hierarch, interpreter of the Bible, and teacher of pastoral care. The Divine Liturgy of Saint John Chrysostom bears his name. His relics were solemnly transferred to Constantinople in 438. Although he died on September 14, his commemoration was moved to November 13 because September 14 is the Feast of the Elevation of the Holy Cross. He is also commemorated on January 27 and January 30; on January 30, he is remembered with the other Two Hierarchs.

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